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Using Priming Strategies to Help Children with Autism Thrive in New Environments

Date: 11/29/2024 // By: Nelson Perez

Photo by Jay Chen on Unsplash

What is Priming? Setting the Stage for Success.

Priming is a strategy used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to prepare children for upcoming experiences or change in their environment. By providing a preview of what to expect, priming helps to reduce anxiety and increase comfort. For children with autism, who often thrive on predictability and routine, priming can transform overwhelming situations into manageable ones.

Imagine walking into a surprise meeting with no agenda. It can feel chaotic and unsettling. Now picture receiving an agenda ahead of time – it makes all the difference. That’s what priming does: it provides a agenda for navigating new environments.

Why Priming Matters for New Environments

New environments – like a dentist’s office, a bustling playground, or a lively birthday party can present unique challenges for children with autism. These settings often come with unfamiliar sensory stimuli, social interactions, and routines that can feel overwhelming.

Priming provides children with the tools to face these challenges with confidence. By previewing the sights, sounds, and expectations of a new environment, you can reduce sensory overload, prevent behavior, and foster a sense of safety. It’s a proactive approach that makes transitions smoother for everyone involved.

Visual Schedules

Visual schedules are a simple yet powerful tool for priming. These schedules use pictures or symbols to outline what will happen during an event, step-by-step. For instance, a trip to the playground might include images of driving to the park, playing on the swings, eating a snack, and returning home. It can be a simple first/then schedule that can be updated as you go or a full list of steps. It all depends on what the child is receptive to.

To use a visual schedule effectively, start by reviewing it with your child. Walk through each step, pointing out key details. During the activity, refer back to the schedule to reinforce the actions. Afterward, celebrate your child’s success in following the schedule!

Social Stories

Social stories are short, personalized descriptions of what to expect in a new environment and how to respond appropriately. These stories often include visuals and are written in the first person to help children relate to the scenario.

For example, a social story about a dentist visit might say: “When I go to the dentist, I will sit in a big chair. The dentist will look at my teeth to make sure they are healthy. I can bring my favorite toy to hold.” By reading and reviewing the story beforehand, children gain a sense of familiarity, making the experience less intimidating.

Preparing for Specific Scenarios

Visiting the Dentist:

Dentist visits often involve bright lights, loud tools, and physical touch – sensory challenges for many children. Priming strategies might include visiting the office ahead of time, watching videos of dental checkups, or using a social story that highlights the process.

Exploring a New Playground:

Playgrounds can be unpredictable, with new equipment, kids, and noises. A visual schedule that maps out key areas or includes images of playground rules can provide structure. Pair this with verbal encouragement and sensory tools like noise-cancelling headphones if needed.

Attending a Birthday Party:

Social gatherings involve multiple sensory inputs and social dynamics. Create a social story about the event, including key moments like singing “Happy Birthday” or opening presents. If possible, talk to the host in advance about quieter spaces or preferred snacks to ensure safety and comfort.

Tips for Effective Priming

  1. Start early: Begin priming well before or as close to the event as possible. Some kids are okay with advance notice days ahead of time, while others may become anxious or perseverate on it.
  2. Use concrete examples: Show real photos or videos of the environment whenever possible.
  3. Keep it positive: Highlight the fun or rewarding aspects of the experience, like playing with friends or earning a special treat.
  4. Practice in small steps: If possible, introduce elements of the environment gradually. For example, drive by the dentist’s office before scheduling an appointment.

Addressing Sensory Needs Through Priming

Many new environments come with sensory challenges, from loud noises to unfamiliar textures. Priming allows you to anticipate these challenges and plan accordingly. For instance: 

  • Noise: Introduce noise-reducing headphones or practice listening to similar sounds in a safe space.
  • Textures: If your child is sensitive to dental tools or party decorations, let them explore similar textures at home beforehand.
  • Lighting: use photos to preview bright environments or practice with sunglasses if your child is light-sensitive.

Celebrating Small Wins and Build Confidence

Every successful transition, no matter how small, deserves celebration. Reinforce your child’s accomplishments with praise, high-fives, or a favorite activity. Over time, these positive experiences build resilience and confidence in handling new environments.

As your child becomes more familiar with priming strategies, they may even begin to request them like their visual schedules. This self-advocacy is a powerful step toward greater independence and self-regulation.

Conclusion: Empowering Children with Priming Strategies

Priming is a game-changer for helping children with autism navigate new environments. By previewing experiences through visual schedules, social stories, and sensory accommodations, you provide a roadmap for success. Whether it’s a trip to the dentist, a day at the playground, or a birthday party, priming creates opportunities for your child to feel safe, prepared, and empowered.

With practice and patience, priming not only reduces anxiety but also fosters a love for exploring the world. So grab those visual schedules, create those social stories, and start priming for success today!

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